四川省香薷属植物地理分布新记录

报道了四川省香薷属植物地理分布新记录1种——四方蒿(Elsholtzia blanda Benth.)。四方蒿主要分布于中国西南部（云南、贵州、广西）至东南亚及南亚的热带地区,在四川为新记录,且是该种分布区的北缘。凭证标本存放于上海辰山植物园标本馆（CSH）。     

3种林木凋落物分解特征及其对赤红壤酸度及养分含量的影响

在实验室条件下对黧蒴锥[Castanopsis fissa(Champ.ex Benth.)Rehd.et Wils.]、湿地松(Pinus elliottii Engelm.)和尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blakely)凋落物的分解特征及其对华南赤红壤的pH值、有机质和碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的影响进行了研究.结果表明:经过1 a的分解后,黧蒴锥、湿地松和尾叶桉凋落物的失重率分别为26.48％、13.80％和28.15％;3种凋落物中全氮均为净释放模式,全磷为富集模式,黧蒴锥和尾叶桉凋落物中全钾和有机碳为净释放模式,湿地松凋落物中全钾和有机碳为富集模式.随凋落物分解时间的延长,土壤pH值呈现逐渐上升至第8个月达到峰值、之后略有下降的变化趋势;有机质含量呈波动的变化趋势;碱解氮含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;速效磷含量呈略有波动但总体下降的趋势;速效钾含量呈“逐渐上升—急剧下降—急剧上升—趋于平稳”的变化趋势,且均在第8个月最低.与实验初期相比,实验结束时对照组及各处理组的土壤pH值和碱解氮含量均不同程度增加、有机质含量不同程度降低、速效磷含量显著下降,对照组速效钾含量下降而各处理组速效钾含量明显提高.与对照相比,实验结束时3种凋落物均导致土壤酸度减弱、速效钾含量增加、但有机质和速效磷含量没有明显提高.3种凋落物对土壤pH值及土壤养分含量的影响有明显差异,总体上看,黧蒴锥凋落物覆盖可明显减弱土壤酸度,增加土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量,对土壤的改良效果最好.研究结果揭示:不同凋落物对土壤pH值及养分含量的影响与凋落物的成分及生物学特性有关.     

Optimization of extraction, preliminary characterization and hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides from Stachys floridana Schuttl. ex Benth

Optimization of extraction, preliminary characterization and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Stachys flordana Schuttl. ex Benth. (SFPS) were investigated in the present study. Firstly, the optimal conditions for extraction of SFPS were obtained by a Box-Behnken design as follows: extraction temperature 94 °C, extracting time 4 h and ratio of water to material 19 mg/ml. Then, the analysis of monosaccharide composition by gas chromatography revealed that SFPS was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose in a molar percent of 2.05, 9.16, 28.66 and 60.14, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that SFPS had a significant protective effect against acute hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in mice, as evident by lower levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic malondialdehyde, higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as higher reduced glutathione concentration compared to the CCl₄-treated group. The results suggested that SFPS could be explored as novel natural supplement.     

海州香薷（Elsholtzia splendens）根际铜抗性细菌的筛选及生物多样性

摘要：【目的】重金属耐性植物海州香薷根际铜抗性细菌的筛选及生物多样性研究将有助于了解微生物－超富集植物相互关系和植物修复机理、开发微生物－香薷重金属修复新技术。【方法】采用稀释平板涂布法从海州香薷根际筛选铜抗性菌株,测定菌株溶磷和产生吲哚乙酸、铁载体、1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶的特性,采用16S rDNA限制性酶切多态性分析（amplified rDNA restriction analysis, ARDRA）研究铜抗性细菌的遗传多样性,根据16S rDNA相似性对产ACC脱氨酶的菌株进行了     

两型豆花粉和叶表皮的扫描电镜观察

两型豆花粉和叶表皮在扫描电镜下的形态特征：花粉近球形至矩球形,三孔沟,外壁表面较粗糙,侧壁具疣状突起至块状突起,极面具粗网状纹饰,但两型豆祖山居群属于萌发沟不明显型,两型豆燕塞湖居群属于萌发沟明显型。叶表皮细胞不规则,排列紧密,叶脉表皮细胞长圆柱形,长轴与叶脉平行,角质膜薄,表皮毛均为单细胞非腺毛,气孔器仅分布在下表皮,属于平列型,偶见不规则型。表皮毛和气孔器在叶片上分布不均匀,两型豆祖山居群叶表皮毛和气孔器的平均密度大于两型豆燕塞湖居群叶表皮毛和气孔器的平均密度,自然生长的两型豆叶表皮毛和气孔器的平均密度大于遮光条件下的两型豆。     

鳞毛蕨凝集素的分离纯化与性质

阔鳞鳞毛蕨[Dryopteris championi(Benth.)C.CHr.]的叶片组织经硫酸铵沉淀、活性炭柱及DEAE-SepharoseFF离子交换柱等步骤纯化得到鳞毛蕨凝集素(Dryopteris championi lectin)。纯化的鳞毛蕨凝集素(DCL)在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上显示1条蛋白质着色带。其中性糖含量高,氨基酸组成中队(苯丙氨酸)含量最高,His(组氨酸)含量最低。对不同动物红细胞及人的不同血型红细胞的凝集有专一性。其凝血活性能被果糖、半乳糖和N-乙酰半乳糖胺所抑制,对温度变化较不敏感,Mn^2 和Mg2 在一定浓度范围能激活其为EDTA-Na2所抑制的活性。     

藏药细穗香薷的化学成分

采用乙醇提取,硅胶柱层析和波谱方法鉴定结构,从细穗香薷(Elsholtzia． ianthina)中初步分离鉴定出5个化合物：二十六烷醇(1),齐墩果酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),山柰酚(4),saussurenoside(5),这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Micromeria inodora (Desf.) Benth. from Algeria

The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Micromeria inodora (Desf .) Benth . collected in 24 Algerian localities was investigated from the first time using GC‐FID, GC/MS and ¹³C‐NMR. Altogether, 83 components which accounted for 94.7% of the total oil composition were identified. The main compounds were trans‐sesquisabinene hydrate ( 1 ; 20.9%), α‐terpinyl acetate ( 2 ; 19.8%), globulol ( 3 ; 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide ( 4 ; 4.3%), β‐bisabolol ( 5 ; 2.9%) and trans‐7‐epi‐sesquisabinene hydrate ( 6 ; 2.6%). Comparison with the literature highlighted the originality of the Algerian M. inodora oil and indicated that 1 might be used as taxonomical marker. The study of the chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main clusters confirming that there is a relation between the essential‐oil compositions and the soil nature of the harvest locations. Biological activity of M. inodora essential oil was assessed against fourteen species of microorganisms involved in nosocomial infections using paper disc diffusion and dilution agar assays. The in vitro study demonstrated a good activity against Gram‐positive strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis, and moderate activity against Candida albicans. These results might be useful for the future commercial valorization of M. inodora essential oil as a promising source of natural products with potential against various nosocomial community and toxinic infections.     

鸡肝散的引种和精油成分初步分析

鸡肝散(Elsholtzia blanda)种子在低温9℃左右,密藏24个月以上,种子发芽率仍可保持87％。种子从发芽生长至枯黄止,整个生育期为8—9个月。栽培植株精油含量随着生长发育日趋成熟而逐渐增加,为0.42—0.88％,主要成分芳樟醇、1,8-桉油素、苯乙酮、反-氧化芳樟醇、樟脑、龙脑等的含量,有一定的变化规律,其它成分含量变化差异较小。     

大岩桐叶片培养再生植株的研究

以大岩桐（Ｓｉｎｎｉｎｇｉａ ｓｐｅｃｉｏｓａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔ Ｈｏｏｋ）叶片为试材,接种于ＭＳ附加不同激素组合的培养基上,成功地经愈伤组织至球状体至不定芽途径形成大量再生植株并移栽成活。在各种细胞分裂素中,６－苄基嘌呤（ＢＡ）的效果优于激动素（ＫＴ）。生长素萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）与ＢＡ及ＫＴ配合使用时愈伤组织诱导、球状体分化及不定芽增殖均有明显的增效作用。其最适宜的培养基组成为：ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ